Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) refers to a condition where the pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum, descend or protrude into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and ligaments.

Common symptoms of POP include a sensation of pelvic pressure or fullness, a feeling of something coming out of the vagina, urinary problems (incontinence or retention), constipation, lower backache, and discomfort during sexual intercourse.

POP can occur due to a variety of factors such as pregnancy and childbirth, menopause, aging, obesity, chronic coughing, heavy lifting, and connective tissue disorders. These factors weaken the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments, leading to organ prolapse.

Women who have had multiple pregnancies, vaginal deliveries, menopause, or a family history of POP are at an increased risk. Other risk factors include chronic constipation, obesity, and repetitive heavy lifting.

Dr. Pezzella and her team usually diagnose POP through a pelvic examination, often using a specialized device called a speculum. Additional tests, such as urodynamic studies or imaging studies, may be performed if necessary.

While POP cannot be entirely prevented, certain measures may help reduce the risk or delay the onset of symptoms. These include maintaining a healthy weight, practicing pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel exercises), avoiding heavy lifting, and treating chronic constipation promptly.

Treatment for POP depends on the severity of symptoms and the impact on a person's quality of life. Nonsurgical options include pelvic floor physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and using pessaries (devices placed in the vagina). In more severe cases, surgical repair may be recommended.

Surgery is not always necessary for POP. The decision for surgical intervention depends on the severity of symptoms, the impact on daily life, and the preference of the individual. Conservative treatments are often attempted first before considering surgical options.

There is a possibility of recurrence after treatment or surgery for POP. Factors such as age, the severity of prolapse, and the health of the pelvic floor muscles can influence the likelihood of recurrence. Regular follow-up visits with a healthcare provider are important.

POP can affect sexual function, as it may cause discomfort or pain during intercourse. However, with appropriate treatment and management, including pelvic floor exercises and support devices, sexual function can often improve. Please contact Dr. Pezzella and her team today.  They can provide an accurate diagnosis, offer appropriate treatment options, and address any concerns you may have.